Principle of Vacuum Pump
A vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume to create a partial or low - pressure environment. There are mainly two types of principles: positive - displacement and momentum transfer.
For positive - displacement vacuum pumps, such as the rotary vane vacuum pump. Inside the pump, there is a rotor with vanes. As the rotor rotates, the volume between the vanes and the pump housing changes. Gas is drawn into the pump through an inlet as the volume expands. Then, as the volume decreases, the gas is compressed and pushed out through the exhaust port.
Another principle is momentum transfer. For example, in a diffusion pump, a high - speed jet of vapor (usually oil vapor) is used. The vapor molecules collide with gas molecules in the pumped volume. The gas molecules gain momentum and are pushed towards the exhaust, thus reducing the pressure in the region being evacuated.
Uses of Vacuum Pump
Vacuum pumps have a wide range of applications. In the field of manufacturing, they are used in vacuum - assisted forming processes like vacuum thermoforming of plastics. By creating a vacuum, the plastic sheet can be molded into the desired shape accurately over a mold.
In the semiconductor industry, vacuum pumps play a crucial role in processes such as thin - film deposition. They are used to evacuate the chambers to very low pressures so that the deposition of materials like silicon or metal oxides onto wafers can occur under clean and controlled conditions, which is essential for the production of high - quality microchips.
In laboratories, vacuum pumps are used in distillation processes to lower the boiling point of substances. This enables the separation of components with different boiling points more effectively at lower temperatures than under normal atmospheric pressure. They are also used in freeze - drying processes to remove moisture from samples by sublimation under vacuum conditions.





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